Perfomance Comparison Of Fibre Versus Copper

The choice between optical fiber and electrical (or "copper") transmission for a particular system is made based on a number of trade-offs. Optical fiber is generally chosen for systems with higher bandwidths, spanning longer distances, than electrical cabling can provide. The main benefits of fiber are its exceptionally low loss, allowing long distances between amplifiers or repeaters; and its inherently high data-carrying capacity, such that thousands of electrical links would be required to replace a single high bandwidth fiber. Fiber is also much lighter than copper: 700km of telecommunications copper cabling weighs 20 tonnes. If the same cable run were made with fiber, it would use only 7 Kg of glass. One further benefit of fiber is that even when run alongside each other for long distances, fiber cables experience effectively no cross talk, in contrast to some types of electrical transmission lines

In short distance and relatively low bandwidth applications, electrical transmission is often preferred because of its:

Lower material cost, when cabling is not required.

Lower cost of transmitters and receivers.

Ease of splicing

Capability to carry electrical as well as signals.

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